An effective coolant for vehicles should exhibit several critical characteristics. These include antifreeze at low temperatures, heat protection thanks to a high boiling point, corrosion protection for metallic components, protection against cavitation, compatibility with different materials in the cooling system, stable pH values to avoid residue, excellent thermal conductivity to ensure efficient cooling and a long lifespan to prevent disproportionately frequent changes. These characteristics not only safeguard the engine against overheating and corrosion but also ensure the efficient operation of the entire cooling system over an extended period.